On May 18, 1964, the government responded to this defiance with Operación Soberanía (Operation Sovereignty), sending 2,000 soldiers to take back the rebel camps. One of them, the Independent Republic of Marquetalia, sheltered future FARC leader Pedro Antonio Marín-alias Manuel Marulanda-in the Andean mountains southeast of Bogota. The first guerrilla groups sprang up in the fall of 1949 at the behest of the Colombian Communist Party (PCC), which urged peasants and farmers to form self-defense forces against “the terrorism of the state.” These groups began establishing “independent republics” in rural areas lacking a strong government presence. However, rivalry between the Conservative and Liberal parties dominated the nation’s attention in the mid-1940s, initiating a period termed La Violencia, or “The Violence.” Partisan tensions came to a peak on April 9, 1948, a day known as El Bogotazo, when liberal leader Jorge Eliécer Gaitan was assassinated on the streets of Bogota. With Gaitán seen as a martyr of the struggle against the oligarchies in power-and the Cold War as a global backdrop for inspiring leftist sentiment-uprisings spread throughout the country. The FARC argues that its program stems from a longstanding struggle between Colombian peasants and property owners over the fact that a small portion of the population owned a majority of the land in the early twentieth century. The Current State of the FARC and Peace Talks.Since his 2014 reelection, along with a congress that includes former President Álvaro Uribe Vélez-traditionally a hard-liner against rebel groups-Santos has made the issue a focal point of his second term in office.
President Juan Manuel Santos started peace negotiations in 2012, and the two sides set Maas a deadline to sign an accord, however the date passed without an agreement. Over the years, the Colombian government has tried out various solutions to the conflict wrought by the group best known as the FARC.
So did Colombia’s civil conflict-involving the guerrilla group along with paramilitaries and drug traffickers-which has generated one of the world’s largest internally displaced populations, totaling 5.7 million in 2013. Updated May 12, 2016 - In 2014, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia turned 50 years old.
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